[М]еланхолия

Hippocrates brought two meanings of the word " melancholy ". First - a melancholy , he outlined one of the four temperaments man in the body which dominates black bile - melancholic "are afraid of the light and avoid the people, they are full of all sorts of dangers , complaining of pain in the abdomen, as if they had been thrown by thousands of needles ." Secondly - it is melancholy as a disease :: "If fear and cowardice go on for too long, it indicates the onset of melancholy ... Fear and grief, if they are long lasting and are not caused by worldly causes stem from black bile . " He also described the symptoms characteristic of melancholy - it's an aversion to food , despondency , sleeplessness , irritability and anxiety. The fact that the cause of the disease to be found in the human brain , even guessed predecessors Hippocrates ( Pythagoras and Alcmaeon ) , but it was the first time Hippocrates wrote that " it is necessary to know that ... grief , sadness, dissatisfaction and complaints originate from the brain ... From it we get mad , we are seized by anxiety and fears either at night or with the onset of the day . "
 
        Aristotle asked, " why are people who shone talent in the field of philosophy , or in government, or in the poetic art, or art classes - why they all seem to have been melancholic ? Some of them suffered from black bile spillage , such as , among heroes - Hercules : that he was believed to have had such a melancholy nature , and ancient in his name, called the sacred disease Herculean . Yes, definitely , and other characters , as is known , have suffered the same disease ... But in later times as Empedocles , Socrates and Plato and many other great men " ( Problems XXX, I).

      Plato in his writings described the state of mania (μανία, a) furious madness ; b) enthusiasm , inspiration ) as the 'right' fury emanating from the music - it gives a poetic inspiration and speaks about the advantages of a carrier of the disease to the common people with their everyday prudence .

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